I. Engine Classifications
A diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine, which is in turn a type of combustion engine. A combustion engine changes thermal energy generated by fuel combustion into mechanical work. Combustion engine can be classified into internal combustion engines and external combustion engines. Internal combustion engines can be classified into Reciprocating type (Diesel and Gasoline Engine) and Rotational Motion type (Gas Turbine and Rotary Engine).
II. Classification of Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines
(1) Classification by Ignition Method
1) Spark ignition engine.
2) Compression ignition engine
Air is heated (450 - 550C) by compression and fuel injected into the compressed air in the form of high pressure atomized fuel. The atomized fuel is ignited and burnt by the compression heat of the air. Diesel engines belong this group.
3) Hot-bulb ignition engine.
(2) Classification by Combustion Method (Thermodynamic Classification)
1) Otto cycle (Constant volume cycle)
Combustion take place under constant volume. Gasoline engines belong this group.
2) Diesel cycle (Constant pressure cycle)
Combustion takes place under a constant pressure. This combustion method is called the diesel cycle because the first engine built by Rudolf Diesel, the inventor of the diesel engine, was an engine that operated by constant pressure combustion. However, current-day high-speed diesel engines (for automobiles) do not belong this category.
3) Sabathe cycle (Mixed cycle)
In the Sabathe cycle, the above two cycles are combined. In other words, combustion takes place under constant volume and constant pressure. Current high-speed diesel engines (for auto mobiles, general power units and small boats) belong this category.
(3) Classification by Fuel Type and Fuel Method
Fuels used for internal combustion engines can be broadly classified into the following types :
1) Gasoline, 2) Kerosene, 3) Light Oil, 4) Heavy Oil, 5) Liquefied-petroleum gas (LPG).
Fuel feed methods can be classified as follows :
1) Fuel is charged into the engine together with air, using carburetor.
2) Fuel is injected into the cylinder (combustion chamber) using an injection pump.
Note's : On current gasoline engine is now no longer use the carburetor, fuel and air mix using injection technology (Electronic Fuel Injection). The different between diesel and gasoline injection is : Gasoline engine injected a fuel into intake manifold (before intake valve) its still mean fuel is charged into the cylinder together with air.
(4) Classification by Operation Technique
1) 4-cycle engine
One cycle (suction, compression, combustion, and exhaust) of the engine requires two rotations of the crankshaft, that is, four strokes.
2) 2-cycle engine
One cycle of the engine requires one rotation of the crankshaft.
A diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine, which is in turn a type of combustion engine. A combustion engine changes thermal energy generated by fuel combustion into mechanical work. Combustion engine can be classified into internal combustion engines and external combustion engines. Internal combustion engines can be classified into Reciprocating type (Diesel and Gasoline Engine) and Rotational Motion type (Gas Turbine and Rotary Engine).
II. Classification of Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines
(1) Classification by Ignition Method
1) Spark ignition engine.
2) Compression ignition engine
Air is heated (450 - 550C) by compression and fuel injected into the compressed air in the form of high pressure atomized fuel. The atomized fuel is ignited and burnt by the compression heat of the air. Diesel engines belong this group.
3) Hot-bulb ignition engine.
(2) Classification by Combustion Method (Thermodynamic Classification)
1) Otto cycle (Constant volume cycle)
Combustion take place under constant volume. Gasoline engines belong this group.
2) Diesel cycle (Constant pressure cycle)
Combustion takes place under a constant pressure. This combustion method is called the diesel cycle because the first engine built by Rudolf Diesel, the inventor of the diesel engine, was an engine that operated by constant pressure combustion. However, current-day high-speed diesel engines (for automobiles) do not belong this category.
3) Sabathe cycle (Mixed cycle)
In the Sabathe cycle, the above two cycles are combined. In other words, combustion takes place under constant volume and constant pressure. Current high-speed diesel engines (for auto mobiles, general power units and small boats) belong this category.
(3) Classification by Fuel Type and Fuel Method
Fuels used for internal combustion engines can be broadly classified into the following types :
1) Gasoline, 2) Kerosene, 3) Light Oil, 4) Heavy Oil, 5) Liquefied-petroleum gas (LPG).
Fuel feed methods can be classified as follows :
1) Fuel is charged into the engine together with air, using carburetor.
2) Fuel is injected into the cylinder (combustion chamber) using an injection pump.
Note's : On current gasoline engine is now no longer use the carburetor, fuel and air mix using injection technology (Electronic Fuel Injection). The different between diesel and gasoline injection is : Gasoline engine injected a fuel into intake manifold (before intake valve) its still mean fuel is charged into the cylinder together with air.
(4) Classification by Operation Technique
1) 4-cycle engine
One cycle (suction, compression, combustion, and exhaust) of the engine requires two rotations of the crankshaft, that is, four strokes.
2) 2-cycle engine
One cycle of the engine requires one rotation of the crankshaft.
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